$BFE001 — CIA-A REGISTER

BFE001

Bit 1: LED / low-pass filter

A personal cartography of a mind that thinks in wireframes—from a ZX Spectrum in Dijon to the Amiga's memory-mapped hardware, and everything that wired itself in between.

$000000

Who I Am

I'm Mark Karpelès. I'm a systems thinker. I've spent most of my life building mental models of how things work—from the internals of a CPU down to transistors, from door handle mechanisms to distributed software architectures. Understanding the mechanism is the reward. Once a system becomes predictable, my brain moves on to the next unknown.

This site is named after $BFE001, a hardware register on the Amiga's CIA 8520 chip. Writing bit 1 of that address toggled the power LED and the audio low-pass filter. Some games used it to simulate the muffled sound of passing through a tunnel. Of all the things I coded on the Amiga, that single instruction—MOVE.b #$02,$BFE001—stuck with me across decades. It felt like reaching into the machine and changing its physical state with a line of code.

That feeling—of seeing inside a system, understanding its structure, and knowing exactly which wire to pull—is how I've experienced the world for as long as I can remember.

$BFE001

Why This Name

The Amiga mapped its hardware into the CPU's address space. Writing to a memory address didn't just store a value—it changed the physical state of the machine. $BFE001 was the address of CIA-A's Port A register, which controlled the keyboard, the game port buttons, the power LED, and the audio low-pass filter.

$BFE001 — CIA-A Port A (PRA)
Bit 7–2 Game port, keyboard serial data, overlay
Bit 1 LED control / audio low-pass filter toggle
Bit 0 Overlay bit (ROM/RAM mapping at $000000)

Games would toggle bit 1 to create effects like the muffled sound of a tunnel. On the Amiga 2000, it dimmed the power LED instead of fully turning it off. A single bit, a single address, and the machine changed its physical behavior.

That instruction—MOVE.b #$02,$BFE001—was one of the first moments I felt the boundary between software and hardware dissolve. It's the reason this site exists. It represents a way of thinking about computers: not as black boxes, but as structures you can see into, understand, and manipulate at every level.

Those were the good times. The machine was simple enough that you could understand the whole stack—from application code down to hardware registers. Modern systems are far more powerful, but vastly more opaque.